(2) France

About French renaissance, the business that is worth to discuss is not too much. Because this country although today by accepted the country of the first art that is the world, but until 14, 5 centuries, have distinctive art hardly, just be the country that gets Nidelan to affect. French capital is Paris, accordingly, artistic center also is Paris; But controlled 1401, france produces civil strife, paris makes rambunctious land, because this lives in Parisian artist,live scattered from the city all directions, and south of France of change one's dwelling house Puluowangsi's painter, can live at that time on the west papal living ground A Weini's old man, be engaged in creating. And Aweiniwengyin faces Mediterranean Marseilles commercial port to draw near, mercantile force is quite powerful also, accordingly, arisen over the brushwork of renaissance. Let · blessing lid serve as a painter, ought to lift blessing of · of sell one's own things to build probably (JeanFouquet, 14151483) . He draws Biblical illustration and so on already, also paint noble and abbe portrait. Although his work still cannot say be renaissance completely, but there is the novel taste that washs practice in delicate technology. Beyond the lid that divide blessing, france accomplishs very great artist without what at that time. France appears great art, only then at 18 centuries, the earliest also be seventeen century, namely after Ba Luoke times.

(3) Germany

Germany is graceful temperament keep reachs day of ear last country, still be considered as barbaric country at that time, also appeared here nevertheless renaissance. Original, this state division is a lot of kingdom and marquisate, the central ground on art also has several. 14, the ground that 5 centuries art flourishs above all ought to of adduce is division grand. Division grand sends division grand market to face Rhine, early is mixed Ni Delan come-and-go, the art with arisen here, be just as branch of Nidelanpa simply; But, it is outstanding that its writing cannot say however, the lordling that believes religion because of these places is very much, bade when the painter makes a picture, just like mediaeval same, “ has been finished at once! ” that is to say, german lordling still does not understand art, the painter also has not broken away from the domain of artisan, accordingly, some are the work that make the person cannot help wanting laugh in Kelongpa's picture; The character has bit of agrestic energy of life, very hale; However if look again, make the person feels bumbling again, rebarbative, extremely comical perhaps absurdity.
Nuremberg clique divides division grand outside, art is relatively flourishing is Nuremberg city. This city is the center with mid Germany, it is rich, an adage says: The businessman of “ Nuremberg still is full of ” than Scotland king; There is strong mercantile organization over there, have the army that protects a city; A word, can say the town of Sa of Buddha Luo Lun that is Germany. Because this city comparatives,flourish. Woodcarving home dimension is special · Situoshi (VietStoss, ? —1533) , husband of carat of · of Adam of stone carving home is special (Adam Kraft, ? —1580) etc is to be on sculpture history the person that taking important place. In painterly respect, have call Huergaimote (MichaelWohlgemuth, 1434—1519) painter. Although not be special somebody extraordinary, but very old studio is had in Nuremberg, child is very much, among them world-famous Great Master is lost strap; Because of the relation of child, the teacher is quite famous also. A Erbo · loses Laixite strap lose strap (Albecrht D ürer, 1471—1528) be Nuremberg blacksmith child, make father's assistant as a child, work in ironwork field, nevertheless he likes a painting however, made Huergaimote's child. When 23 years old, married, travel to Italy from German south before long, in Italy very the strong skill that admires Manteniya. Nuremberg is returned after a few years, become an artist, drew self-portrait, created " apocalyptic 4 knights " , " Azrael and knight " wait for xylograph; Especially " self-portrait " the brushwork of very thatch, make Bei Lini of · of Fan Ni of Great Master tall greatly uncannily, think “ is lost strap that individual to draw a hair, be to use special painting brush probably! ” " apocalyptic 4 knights " 4 figure of the battle in need not saying what expressional emperor book writings brush about is apocalyptic. Of Zhang Gong archery is a victory, those who hold a sword is a war; Dress is quite grandiose dress, fat is hungry, half nude is extremely emaciated is Azrael; Behave hunger into round figure especially, meaningful, it is the hungry pain that a lot of people are sufferring satirize to be borne extremely probably, and certain person is adverse fat however a kind of expression that rise. Lose although create an outstanding work in succession,strap, but the life is not rich. His wife is taking small xylograph to peddle to the market even. Lose when strapping 34 years old, travel to Italy again, brushwork learns in Venice. The color that studies Beilini and amount to · fragrance strange anatomy, return home, began his real activity from now on. After he knew big trader of Sakesen's marquis and other noble, the painter's fame rises high also; On the other hand, with Reformation person scholars of Martin · Lu De, humanism interact, make a thought more close change. In classic of the old age that be called " 4 disciples " in, the person that also show the resonance that is Reformation loses the mind that strap. Although the Roman Catholic Church teachs before,say: The opinion on public affairs of “ pope is highest truth ” . But lose strap object this kind teaching, and doctrine of view “ Christian is reflected in 4 gospel, pope is him nevertheless is vassal just ” . Lose although amount to · not as good as,strap fragrance strange, also be the person that has many sided knowledge and ability however. He is poet, ideologist, artistic egghead is waited a moment. A very interesting thing, be sign what A and D combine the autograph is on his work, sign about the painter pair of stimulative renaissance period art is having what kind of affinity, had talked in front. Lose strap in and other places of Brussels of old age journey, Antwerp, give this ground huge the effect, but he himself is German from beginning to end. No matter how is others persuaded want him to live in these cities, still return the birthplace Nuremberg that he has deep love for finally. His spirit also is heart volition, heavy and deep and rich energy. In losing the child that strap, the famousest is Hans · Baerdongge (Hans Baldung, 1480-1545) . Er of · carry on one's shoulder does obeisance to Hans to be lost because of mixing strap side-by-side Er of · carry on one's shoulder does obeisance to Hans of another Great Master (HansHolbein, 1497—1543) , give birth to Yuaogesibao. Father also is to call Hans · because of,Er of carry on one's shoulder is done obeisance to painter. To be distinguished with father, add word of “ small ” accordingly. Because learn a picture along with father as a child,Er of small carry on one's shoulder is done obeisance to, when seventeen years old, had become an artist, accordingly, he fends to Basel city. Basel city has famous university at that time, also inhabit a region is worn a lot of humanism scholars, be regarded to be the center of German publication course of study. Because migrate,Er of carry on one's shoulder is done obeisance to after Basel, assumed the job such as book binding and layout, illustration. Because his job is very excellent, his ability is admitted, also try to let him paint portrait with respect to somebody, mayor Yakebu · Mayer is among them. The effigies sketch of plum Ye husband and wife, have outstanding skill, line is fluent, extremely elegant, no wonder mayor saw special satisfaction. Because be pulled by Yi of old at that time learned man again,Er of carry on one's shoulder is done obeisance to Simosi discovers, the composing that is him please is made insert a picture, draw portraiture for him. When he is 22 years old, marry in Basel city. If treat his life condition, can think he is one is good at social elephant like the merchant person, actual he is an elephant lose the person that there is ideologist demeanor like strapping, the picture gets the beautiful picture that is loved single-handed. The problem is " the dancing of Azrael " more than 90 successive xylograph, it is to accord with really at that time the work of people mood. Source of Azrael orchestic idea stems from the Roman Catholic Church, say what person must die anyway, corporeal happiness is scant support; Accordingly, living when, had better respect the Roman Catholic Church, donate a large number of property. As a result of 15 centuries first, whole Europe the plague is popular, a lot of people in succession gone, this kind of thought is more flush rise. Because hold this title ably,Er of carry on one's shoulder is done obeisance to, created " the dancing of Azrael " woodcut collect. The recommendation that because took Yilasimosi,Er of carry on one's shoulder does obeisance to goes to England, with British humanism person · Mo Er gets acquainted with Thoms. Linger this in England nevertheless time is very short, return Basel, drew the beautiful altar that with Yakebu the figure of · Mrs. Mayer is goddess; Go to London again again before long, he paints portrait for the German businessmen in London set up shop. " the effigies of mercantile Ji Ci " the mesh that connects antependium is drawn clearly. His serious and meticulous be welcomed, also obtain British king Henry the accredit of 8 worlds and nobles, the effigies of design of the dry goods that because this drew a large number of palace,uses, furniture and palace personage. Interesting is, allegedly at that time henry after the wife of 8 worlds dies, because get kingly lot,Er of carry on one's shoulder is done obeisance to, to the daughter Kelisijina that Brussels goes to be Danish king the princess draws portraiture; King wants to see Kelisijina grow how, propose next. The princess did not promise henry later the request of 8 worlds, result and Milanese infante married. Visible, er of carry on one's shoulder does obeisance to the portraiture because of the picture, like introducing a photograph just like the marriage later. Can know from this thing, the portraiture at that time has how great economic value. Because be great artist,Er of carry on one's shoulder is done obeisance to, although his work is a bit common, because such, make a lot of people are accepted easily instead. To heart volition person, till today, lose Le Hehe Er to because still be two beamed Gu Jin, praiseworthy painters,be done obeisance to. Heart volition still has another unripe Yusakesen to be called carat accept conspicuous (LucasCranach, 1472—1553) painter. He also is heart of Martin · road and humanism Zhe Meilan overcomes pausing friend, it is the person that has new idea, but the place of common of a little graceless low in his picture. The character head that he draws gets disproportionate greatly, and big still part; If draw nude, abdomen is roused like elephantine morbid state etc. The Gelvnaiwade of unripe Yuaersasi (Mathias Grunewald, 1485—1530) famous also, it is the pioneer of realism, colour is very beautiful. In painter of modern mind volition, the person that respects Gelvnaiwade is very much. After 16 centuries middle period, painterly and abrupt dispirited backwater of Germany, because serve as fuse with Lu De's Reformation,this is, be in Europe, produced religious battle in Germany especially, do not have the ground that art flourishs consequently. Catholic Germany emperor thinks the Protestantism of suppress home. Hear this matter, to help German Protestantism, aggression comes before have protestant state Sweden is Danish king, kingly. Saying with its is for the motherland battle, still be inferior to saying is for belief battle. Seventeen century this kind of war is very much. At this moment the famous mercantile general Hualunsitaiyin that Germany gave a for belief fight. Disorder of this kind of war lasts very long, till 19 centuries, germany also does not have the brushwork with occurrence flourishing prosperity again.
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